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The Chancellor of Germany is the political leader of Germany and the head of the Federal Government. The office holder is responsible for selecting all other members of the government and chairing Cabinet meetings. The office was created in the North German Confederation in 1867, when Otto von Bismarck became the first Chancellor. With the Unification of Germany in 1871, the Confederation evolved into a German nation-state and the office became known as the Chancellor of Germany. Bismarck, who was Chancellor until 1890, is the longest-serving Chancellor to this date. Originally, the Chancellor was only responsible to the Emperor. This changed with the constitutional reform in 1918, when the Parliament was given the right to dismiss the Chancellor. Under the 1919 Weimar Constitution the Chancellors were to be appointed by the President, but were responsible to Parliament. The constitution was set aside during the 1933–1945 Nazi dictatorship. The 1949 German constitution made the Chancellor the most important office in the country, while diminishing the role of the President. In German, the title was ''Bundeskanzler'' (literally, "Chancellor of the (Con)federation") in the North German Confederation and ''Reichskanzler'' (literally, "Chancellor of the Realm") from the Unification of Germany until the title ''Bundeskanzler'' was adopted again in 1949. The female form is ''Bundeskanzlerin''. The title is often shortened to ''Kanzler'' ("Chancellor") or its female form, ''Kanzlerin''. Since 22 November 2005, the office has been held by Angela Merkel, the current Leader of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany. ==Revolutions of 1848== During the failed revolutions of 1848, the Frankfurt Parliament took power and there were three “Ministerpräsidenten” whose duties and powers were exactly equivalent to the later office of Chancellor. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Chancellors of Germany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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